Holy Defense Studies

Abstract Today, due to the increase in terrorist attacks around the world and the possibility of bombings near old religious buildings and places, the management of the effects of the explosion has received special attention. The shrine of Imam Reza (as) is important in many ways. Apart from the historical origin of the building, which is a common factor between historical monuments, religious values ​​and its continuous use make it more different from other historical monuments. In this article, the effect of the explosion on the destruction of the brick dome of the shrine of Imam Reza (AS) has been investigated. The explosion was simulated with Autodyn software and the dome of the shrine was simulated with Abaqus software. The results showed that if 10 kg of TNT explodes in the middle of the dome and on the ground, no serious damage will be done to the dome and the structure will maintain its stability. But if the explosion is near the walls, it will destroy the wall and thus destroy the dome.

Abstract The competitive nature of the Middle East is such that all the major players in the region are trying to strengthen the new order based on their national interests. In the Syrian crisis, the arena of competition between two important regional actors, Iran and Saudi Arabia, is understandable based on neo-realist characteristics. The main question of the research is how the strategy of Iran and Saudi Arabia regarding the Syrian crisis can be explained in the form of neo-realist theory? The hypothesis is that Iran's strategy in the Syrian crisis is to balance the survival of Bashar al-Assad and maintain the status quo, to support the Islamic resistance and to fight the Zionist regime in the first place in the form of defensive neo-realist theory. Saudi Arabia, too, in the interest of preserving the ouster of Bashar al-Assad, is understandable in the form of an aggressive neo-realist theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection from library sources. The findings show that Iran seeks to increase its security in the face of regional threats in the context of defensive realism in the Syrian crisis; Saudi Arabia, on the other hand, has shifted from a conservative to an aggressive foreign policy with the aim of increasing regional power.

Abstract One of the most central factors in the unity and empathy of the military and popular forces during the eight years of holy defense was the presence of Imam Khomeini. In addition to unity and empathy, he was able to manage the imposed war and advance the goals of the Islamic Revolution in those critical circumstances. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this article aims to identify the basic components of Imam Khomeini's leadership strategy and to explain his operational role and managerial ability in the holy defense. The research findings show that it was a combination of two styles of managing the imposed war and crises and spiritual and religious management that was able to prevent Iraq from invading Iran and set a unique model of the Imam. Imam Khomeini's behavior during the Iraq-Iran war shows that he made good use of both methods in managing crises. Contrary to the perception of some who consider the Imam's management style to be individual or in direct contact with the people, he also used strategic management and believed in it more.

Abstract Food geopolitics is one of the thematic trends that has been raised in recent decades due to successive droughts and rapid population growth in the world. The geopolitics of food in Iran is of special importance due to its location in the arid and semi-arid situation of the world and on the other hand, constant external threats, such as military attack or economic sanctions. The present study seeks to answer the question of what are the most important components of food geopolitics by using descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and field research? SPSS statistical software and Friedman ranking test were used to analyze the findings of the questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire showed that in the territorial dimension (geographical location), in the demographic dimension (quantity and quality of population), in the economic dimension (high value food production), in the socio-cultural dimension (combination of urban and rural population and food production) In the political dimension (production protection policies), in the defense-security dimension (ensuring public health) and in the scientific-programmatic dimension (production technology), they are considered as shaping and effective variables in the geopolitical formation of food.

Abstract The success of the country's scientific institutions in achieving the peaks of progress stems from the overlap of the mental images of its elites. The less this overlap and the more diverse the views, the different, parallel and sometimes destructive the actions. The purpose of this study is to present a strategic model of the scientific system based on the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader as the highest official in the country. Therefore, all the lectures related to his subject in the position of leadership, from 1989 to 2017, were examined. Our research method is a combination of directional content analysis and content analysis. Nearly 90 speeches of His Holiness have been recorded and the main source of the speeches is his official website. The findings indicate that the Supreme Leader considers the strategy of science development to be the production of beneficial science, the development of basic sciences, scientific localization, wealth creation and innovation. Also in addressing the officials, special attention to universities, efforts to implement the approvals of the country's comprehensive scientific plan, prioritizing the country's scientific leap, strengthening industry-university relations, linking the scientific chain from elementary to higher education and using science as diplomacy to achieve The high goals of the system are emphasized.

Abstract Operation Valfajr 8 marks a turning point in the 80-year history of Iran's air defense. The innovations used in this operation were seen in subsequent operations. Learning of air defense innovations in Operation Valfajr 8 is essential for the Armed Forces and its management application. So far, no systematic research has been conducted in this regard. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify air defense innovations in Operation Valfajr 8. The research is exploratory and the data is documentary, library and interview method. Based on the findings, air defense innovations were classified into eleven categories, which include the variety and composition of weapons, rapid and offensive locations, hiding from the enemy, deceiving the enemy, downsizing weapons, adhering to the principles of information protection, Changing the arrangement of weapons, destroying air-to-ground missiles in Iraq, making optimal use of the visual surveillance network, streamlining air defense systems and frequent relocations. Ultimately, the achievement of these innovations included targeting enemy aircraft and helicopters and dominating the battlefield.