Holy Defense Studies

Abstract Islamic Republic of Iran and played an important and effective role in the war process, however, this role has not yet been fully explored and worthy of the brave Iranian warriors. Countries are not represented for the nations of the region, not even the people and officials of Iran.
In this research, there is a lot of reliance on documents and the researcher first uses valid domestic and foreign published documents to describe the diplomatic relations of the Persian Gulf countries with the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Ba'athist regime in Iraq. Has made its own library findings.
The results of the investigation show that the pro-Iraq countries did not provide much logistical and intelligence assistance at the beginning of the war, and this assistance was only limited to the agreements they already had with Iraq; But since Iran entered Iraq, they have increased their aid; But not to the extent that Iraq wins. At the end of the war, when Iraq reoccupied parts of Iran, they may have pressured Saddam not to stay in Iran and return to international borders. In fact, even pro-Saddam countries did not want a victorious military war. For this reason, after the war, when Saddam's military potential was greatly increased, they attacked him under the pretext of occupying Kuwait, and this potential was taken away from him.

Abstract In this research, the defense and military strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the imposed war are described and evaluated and its developments are examined.
The method of conducting this research in terms of researcher approach is descriptive-analytical, and in terms of data collection technique is library and documentary. This research has tried to answer various questions about what and why to adopt defense and military strategies during the imposed war.
Overall, the findings of this study show that Iran's military strategies have been successful in preventing Iraq from advancing on Iranian soil, as well as repelling aggression and liberating the occupied territories, but Iran's strategy to end the war through a major destiny operation has failed, and made the war prolonged and eroded, reduced Iran's economic power, increased casualties and shifted the balance of power in Iraq's favor. On the other hand, Iran has not a successful diplomatic strategy during the Holy Defense era, and the war ended, not with the military-political initiative of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but with the delayed adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 598.
Finally, the Islamic Republic of Iran has been able to maintain the country's territorial integrity with the strategies it has adopted and end the war after eight years by defeating Saddam Hussein and the Ba'ath party. But it did not succeed in receiving the war damages from Iraq, dredging Arvand, and rebuilding the villages of Abadan and Arvandkenar islands, and the groves of Khuzestan.

Abstract Defense diplomacy, as a new way of presenting military power, is a mechanism by which governments seek to increase their security interdependence by increasing their defense capabilities and capabilities to make other countries dependent on each other. Confidence, conflict prevention, conflict resolution, regional security frameworks, and the like can be used to create favorable political, national, and international conditions for the preservation and expansion of the country's vital national values against real enemies. Potential knew. The present descriptive-analytical article, with the aim of explaining the role of defense diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the second step of the Islamic Revolution, tries to answer the main question that the defense diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the second step of the Islamic Revolution and in order to promote security and depth to this revolution. What are the goals, strategies and requirements? The results and findings of the present study show that the defense diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran through goals and strategies such as security management, providing technology for defense equipment or weapons, creating a role in deterrence, disarmament and arms control, gaining economic benefits, building trust in Military spheres, fight against terrorism, expansion of defense-military cooperation with countries, development of interactions with regional and international institutions, an effective step in the production and further birth of national power, achieving stability and lasting security in the process of the second step of the Islamic Revolution It is considered in the path of modern civilization.

Abstract The issue of defense and readiness of the Islamic society for jihad in the way of God is one of the necessities of survival and security of the Islamic Ummah. This has been done. Examination of religious and jurisprudential texts shows that, firstly, the Islamic ruler has played a key role in implementing the ruling of jihad and defending the unity of the Islamic government and the dignity of Muslims, and secondly, these powers guarantee the security of the Islamic Ummah and maintain its independence and survival; Thirdly, the authority of the Islamic ruler, taking into account the temporal and spatial conditions and focusing on the dynamics of Shiite jurisprudence, is the main factor in mobilizing forces to confront the enemies of Islam; And fourthly, these rulings of the final chapter are the issuance of the ruling of defensive jihad in the Islamic governmentThe issue of defense and readiness of the Islamic society for jihad in the way of God is one of the necessities of survival and security of the Islamic Ummah. This has been done. Examination of religious and jurisprudential texts shows that, firstly, the Islamic ruler has played a key role in implementing the ruling of jihad and defending the unity of the Islamic government and the dignity of Muslims, and secondly, these powers guarantee the security of the Islamic Ummah and maintain its independence and survival; Thirdly, the authority of the Islamic ruler, taking into account the temporal and spatial conditions and focusing on the

Abstract Investigating the role of motivation on people's participation and epic creation in the sacred defense and realization of war goals
Abstract: Considering the complexity of the battle scene and the frequency of variables, the sublime goals of the Islamic system in the holy defense and the frequency of variables affecting the behavior of warriors (commander and commando) in the battle process, in order to measure the effect of motivation in the holy defense of religious teachings And Commander of the Supreme Command Experts in this field had five components: divine mission, aggressor punishment, comprehensive defense, realization of rights and receiving material benefits, and were counted and distributed among the research community in a researcher-made questionnaire. After collecting the data analysis, the research hypothesis was confirmed according to the correlation coefficient of 0.663 and the significant level of 0.000. Due to the high impact of motivation indicators on people's participation in the sacred defense and the realization of the goals of the war, a full range of options for a layered defense under the title of five capacities for the Islamic system was formed, which is mentioned in the results.

Abstract Commanders' value strategies play a role in leading and managing the culture of self-sacrifice and bravery. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and tries to discover the paradigm model of "values ​​of holy defense commanders" inspired by the foundation data method and interpretive approach. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview method in the period of 1397-1397 in a qualitative manner. The study area was the commanders and commanders of the holy defense era who were interviewed by purposive sampling method based on the theoretical saturation index of fifteen of them as a sample of the research community. The codes derived from the text of the propositions were counted using the content analysis method, and then based on them, the paradigm model of the values ​​of the commanders of the Holy Defense was identified as the foundation data. After validation and validation of the discovered model based on the data model index of the foundation, the theoretical narrative of this research according to the calculated model was expressed as follows: "And the charismatic recruitment of followers with organizational and alignment strategies and the integration of institutional and delegation command has led to the consequences of expanding the rule of law of God and the motivation of public service in the value strategies of sacred human resources." The following are scientific-executive suggestions based on research findings.

Abstract It seems that entering a new field of global relations and having advanced technologies has reduced the social controls of governments and the type, extent and impact of social harms and insecurities have increased more than before. Therefore, educating the young generation in the formation of cultural capital can be a factor for social security and prevention of social disruptions in our country. Therefore, this article tries to examine the role and position of cultural capital in explaining and providing social security.
This article is descriptive in terms of purpose, survey in terms of data collection and correlational in terms of analysis. The statistical population of this study was Tehran citizens with an approximate number of 13 million people who were selected through Cochran's formula 384 citizens through cluster and random sampling. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of cultural capital and social security, which was approved by experts after examining the face and content validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha (0/88). Findings showed that all three dimensions of cultural capital (embodied, objectified, institutionalized) are effective in the emergence of social security and the explanatory share of embodied cultural capital is more effective than other cases. Therefore, the promotion of social security in society can be established through the production of cultural capital in society and in the form of purposeful education in the educational system.

Abstract martyrdom and death are not the end of man's life; transition from life to life and entering a new world is a spiritual universe known as purgatory; transition or world after death and its various phases is one of the most important religious teachings. the same lack of information of transition life quality is the source of difference between islamic scholars. what is clear is that without the guidance of revelation, it is inaccessible to human beings and is the best source of recognition and discovery of the dimensions and angles of the quran and. this research has been applied, using a library research process from islamic sources of data and has analyzed the descriptive - analytic qualitative method
the purpose of this study is to explain the life of martyrs in purgatory in verses and narratives. What is the purpose of life in purgatory? What is the life of the martyrs in this universe? Is the meaning of the transition of martyrs, souls in the world after death or physical and material life? What is certain is that Murad is not alive to the body of martyrs, their bodies are fragmented and destroyed as the body of others. according to the verses and narratives, it came to the conclusion that the life of the martyr is the transition from purgatory to God, souls living in purgatory, and their souls enjoy the blessings that God had bestowed upon them, and gave them peace and.

Abstract Analysis of captives’ exchange of Iran and Iraq war (1980-1988)

Abstract
Although war as an ugly phenomenon is a long-standing twin of human history, sometimes getting involved in it is inevitable. When a government wages war and aggression against another government, the entrance of the people and the government of the second country to defend itself becomes inevitable. Human casualties, such as the death or injuring of a number of forces involved or the capture of a number of others, are an integral part of the war.
The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the operation of the two countries. To achieve this goal, the library method (based on documentary and library sources) and descriptive and analytical approach have been used. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the 1949 Geneva Conventions on how to hold and exchange captives of war under the surveillance of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
The results of the research show that the process of exchanging captives started in 1981 and until 2003, in different stages, 95,835 captives of both sides were exchanged and returned to their country; Also, based on the documents and records in the archives, we find that the Iranian government's approach to the Iraqi government has been based on human rights, international law and humanitarian law.
Keywords: Iran and Iraq war, Iranian and Iraqis captives, International Committee of the Red Cross